Ⅰ. Phonetics (5 points)

　　Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter

　　combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that

　　is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　1. A. Wednesday

　　B. recent

　　C. sudden

　　D. absent

　　2. A. broad

　　B. boast

　　C. coast

　　D. crossroads

　　3. A. gratitude

　　B. furniture

　　C. mature

　　D. opportunity

　　4. A. happiness

　　B. impossible

　　C. possess

　　D. massage

　　5. A. crucial

　　B. decision

　　C. democracy

　　D.celebrate

　　Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)

　　Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four

　　choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence andblacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　6. Only with your help,such difficulties in the field.(成人高考更多完整資料免費提供加微信/QQ：29838818)

　　A. can we overcome

　　B. we can overcome

　　C. should we overcome

　　D. we should overcome

　　7. The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many peopleskiing.

　　A. enjoy

　　B. that want

　　C. who enjoy

　　D. want

　　8. Would you liketo the United States?

　　A. trip

　　B. voyage

　　C. going

　　D. to travel

　　9. Not you but your father

　　A. are to blame

　　B. is to blame

　　C. are to be blamed

　　D. is to be blamed

　　10. After all this time you'd think he'd have forgotten,?

　　A. didn't you

　　B. wouldn't you

　　C. did you

　　D. would you

　　11. I should never have said that. I wish Ithat.

　　A. didn't say

　　B. wouldn't say

　　C. hadn't said

　　D. don't say

　　12. I've already decided. Ibuy a new car.

　　A. am going to

　　B. will

　　C. would

　　D. have bought

　　13. What would you do if youyour job?(成人高考更多完整資料免費提供加微信/QQ：29838818)

　　A. lose

　　B. lost

　　C. would lose

　　D. will lose

　　14. We won't be able to go to the clubour parents give us permission.

　　A. although

　　B. nevertheless

　　C. unless

　　D. once

　　15. Why don't you try to come home9 o'clock?

　　A. by

　　B. under

　　C. until

　　D. up to

　　16. By my 50th birthday, Iin my current profession for over 20 years.

　　A. would have been

　　B. would be

　　C. will be

　　D. will have been

　　17. I think they are dating. Theya lot of each other recently.

　　A. had seen

　　B. had been seeing

　　C. have seen

　　D. have been seeing

　　18. Ithe paper after lunch. That's one of the things I really enjoy.

　　A. used to read

　　B. am used to reading

　　C. use to read

　　D. have used to read

　　19. I am against childrento school before they are six.

　　A. who send

　　B. being sent

　　C. sending

　　D. having sent

　　20. it is no goodEnglish without speaking English.

　　A. to learn

　　B. learn

　　C. learning

　　D. learned

　　Ⅲ.Cloze (30 points)

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　Los Angeles has planted 2,000 rubber trees down the middle of one of its main streets. Thesetrees do not 21rubber. They are,22, made of rubber. Mr. Joe Dynamo, a spokesman forLos Angeles 23council, explained the reasons. He said:

　　"These24are representative of our virtual society. We have polystyrene grass on our golf 25. We have non-milk powder 26our coffee. We 27copies in plastic of old woodenfurniture. We have fiberglass tombstones.28shouldn't we have trees made of rubber?"

　　"At 50 miles an hour, 29 motorist will see any difference. And our preservation 30willbe lower. You give the trees an annual rinse with detergent, and 31them off twice a year. We 32 a lot of money because transplanting, pruning, weeding and leaf-collection are all 33And we have a 60-year 34guarantee on each plaint. This is rationalization at 35best. "

　　21. A. invent

　　B. do

　　C. produce

　　D. create

　　22. A. in fact

　　B. eventually

　　C. practically

　　D. as a matter

　　23. A. country

　　B. state

　　C. city

　　D. county

　　24. A. plants

　　B. trees

　　C. rubber

　　D. streets

　　25. A. courses

　　B. places

　　C. courts

　　D. playground

　　26. A. on

　　B. of

　　C. at

　　D. in

　　27. A. make

　　B. introduce

　　C. build

　　D. set

　　28. A. What

　　B. How

　　C. When

　　D. Why

　　29. A. some

　　B. no

　　C. many

　　D. a few

　　30. A.costs

　　B. price

　　C. money

　　D. award

　　31. A. sweep

　　B. wash

　　C. tidy

　　D. dust

　　32. A. waste

　　B. keep

　　C. save

　　D. store

　　33. A. essential

　　B. accidental

　　C. unnecessary

　　D. necessary

　　34. A. fade

　　B. non-fade

　　C. die away

　　D. everlasting

　　35. A. one's

　　B. its

　　C. their

　　D. the

　　Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (60 points)

　　Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by fourquestions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Chooseone best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　Passage One

　　To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go straight to the radio, television ornewspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But if you know what to look for, you can use your ownsenses to make weather predictions.

　　There are many signs which can help you. For example, in fair weather the air pressure isgenerally high. The air is still and often full of dust. Faraway objects may look hazy. But when a stormis brewing, the pressure drops and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note ofthis long ago and came up with a saying "The farther the sight, the nearer the rain. "

　　Your sense of smell can also help you detect weather changes. Just before it rains, odors becomestronger. This is because odors arerepressedin a fair, high-pressure center. When a bad weather lowmoves in, air pressure lessens and odors are released.

　　You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds bounce off heavy storm clouds and return toearth with increased force. An old saying describes it this way: "Sounds traveling far and wide, astorm day will betide. "

　　And don't scoff if your grandmother says she can feel a storm coming. It is commonly known thatmany people feel pains in their bones or in corns and bunions when the humidity rises, the pressuredrops, and bad weather is on the way.

　　36. The topic of this passage could be

　　A. Expert Weather Forecast

　　B. Seeing Approaching Storms

　　C. Old Sayings about Weather

　　D. Using the Senses to Detect Weather Changes

　　37. According to the passage, as a storm approaches, faraway objects look

　　A. hazy because of dust in the air

　　B. clearer because air pressure is high

　　C. clearer because air pressure is dropping

　　D. distorted because of storm clouds

　　38. In the last paragraph, the writer implies that

　　A. the idea of feeling a coming storm is foolish

　　B. older people know a lot about weather

　　C. it is possible, but unlikely, that people feel aches when a storm is coming

　　D. it is definitely true that some people can feel coming weather changes

　　39. The underlined word "repressed'' in paragraph 3 is close toin meaning.

　　A. crush

　　B. restrict

　　C. lower

　　D. struggle

　　Passage Two

　　There are no inevitable outcomes of social class in child rearing. At the same time, there is no

　　question that social class is important factor in how children are raised and the kind of adults that

　　children become. Regarding social class, sociologists have found that parents socialize their childreninto the behaviors and norms of their work worlds. Members of the working class are closely supervisedand are expected to followexplicitrules at their jobs. If they do not follow the precise rules and do asthey are told, they will not keep their jobs. Their experience influences how they deal with theirchildren. As a result, their concern is less with their children's motivations and more with theirchildren's outward conformity. Thus they are more apt to use physical punishment in managing theirchildren. On the other hand, middle-class parents, who are expected to take more initiative on thejob, are more concerned that their children develop curiosity, self-expression, and self-control. Theyare also more likely to withdraw privileges or affection than to use physical punishment.

　　40. The word "explicit" means

　　A. vague

　　B. difficult

　　C. confusing

　　D. clearly defined

　　41. According to this passage, working-class parents are more likely than middle-class parents

　　to

　　A. use physical punishment for discipline

　　B. have children who finish college

　　C. have children who are out of control

　　D. show less love to their children

　　42. Middle-class parents will encourage their children to be

　　A. self-confident

　　B. reliable

　　C. curious

　　D. successful

　　43. This passage is about

　　A. the relation between social class of the parents and their children's rearing

　　B. the similarities between working class and middle class parents

　　C. the differences between children of working class and the ones of middle class

　　D. the relation between working class and middle class in their working places

　　Passage Three

　　Farm animals provide man with food and material for clothing, leather and other products. Some,

　　such as horses and oxen, provide transportation and power to pull maehinery. Livestock gaze on about40 percent of the United States land area.

　　Cattle provide meat, hides and dairy products. Beef and dairy cattle account for about a third of

　　all farm income in the U.S. Farms in the Midwest and sprawling ranches in the West raise most of thecountry's beef cattle. The main Dairy Belt in the U.S. extends through the Northern states from NewEngland to Minnesota. Eastern dairy farmers in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa sell most of their milkto companies that make butter, cheese and evaporated milk.

　　Hogs grow rapidly and provide meat and materials used to make many products. Hogs thrive on

　　corn, and farmers in the Corn Belt of the Midwest raise more than two-thirds of U. S. hogs.

　　Sheep and goats supply man with meat, wool and skins for leather. They are hardy animals that

　　live well on poor grazing land.

　　Poultry includes chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and other birds raised for meat or eggs. Many

　　farmers keep small flocks of chickens to supply their families with eggs and meat. But some U. S.farmers specialize in raising large flocks of meat or egg-laying chickens. They use scientific breedingand feeding methods.

　　Some specialized farms raise mink and other animals for their fur, rabbits for meat, or silkwormsfor silk. Many farmers keep bees to get their honey and to help pollinate crops.

　　44. Farm animals in this passage are for

　　A. farming

　　B. leather only

　　C. natural balance

　　D. man's need

　　45. Where is the Corn Belt located?

　　A. Northeast.

　　B. Midwest.

　　C. South.

　　D. West.

　　46. Land which is too poor to sustain cattle might be used to raise

　　A. horses

　　B. oxen

　　C. sheep

　　D. dairy cows

　　47. Which animals in this passage are bred by scientific methods?

　　A. Poultry.

　　B. Geese.

　　C. Birds.

　　D. Chickens.

　　Passage Four

　　The crowd stirred and whispered in awe as, on the stage, the horse slowly tapped out the beat.

　　Everyone became tense and quiet as the number of taps neared the correct answer to the horse trainer'squestion. After the final tap, the horse paused, seemed to look around and stopped. The crowd wentwild !

　　The horse's name was Clever Hans, the Educated Horse, and was featured in a vaudeville(雜耍)

　　act in the early 1900s, in Europe. When asked a complicated mathematical question by his owner,

　　Clever Hans would tap out the correct answer with his hooves. For example, if the answer was sixty-eight, Hans would tap out six with his left hoof and eight with his right hoof. Even more remarkable,the owner would leave the room after asking the question, so there could be no secret signal betweenowner and horse. A mere animal seemed to be accomplishing a highly technical skill of man's!

　　It wasn't until years later that the secret of the trick was revealed. The owner had trained Clever

　　Hans to respond to slight signals. The horse became so sensitive that he learned when to stop from thecrowd's reaction. Members of the audience would start involuntarily, or give some unconscious signal,when Hans reached the right answer. Modern scientists now warn against the Clever Hans syndrome(綜合征), whereby researchers unconsciously give clues to their animal subjects about the actionsthey like to see performed!

　　48. This passage is mainly about

　　A. animal intelligence

　　B. mathematical skills

　　C. Clever Hans

　　D. unconscious behavior

　　49. The Clever Hans syndrome is a danger to be avoided by

　　A. audience

　　B. researchers

　　C. veterinarians

　　D. mathematicians

　　50. The Clever Hans's real talent was

　　A. his sensitivity to crowd reaction

　　B. adding large sums

　　C. standing quietly on stage

　　D. obeying his owner

　　51. The first paragraph of this passage is

　　A. a first person account

　　B. a dramatic account

　　C. an understatement

　　D. a scientific finding

　　Passage Five

　　It takes a long time to grow a tree. How long? Well, pine trees are the quickest growing trees, but

　　still, they take twenty years to reach a size suitable for cutting and harvesting. An oak takes about sixtyyears to grow to a good size. A redwood may take hundreds of years.

　　Lumber companies, which make their money on trees, depend on those that grow quickly.Therefore, they are always looking for methods to make trees grow faster. So far, the secret to fastgrowing trees seems to lie in " super-seeds. " These are seeds that are gathered from the quickestgrowing trees in a forest. One company searched 100,000 acres of trees and selected the seeds fromjust fifteen trees. These two ounces of seed were enough to plant several hundred new trees.Eventually, when these trees have grown, seeds will again be taken only from the fastest growing treesof crop. This process of artificial selection will yield, in the future, a super-tree that will grow in halfthe time it takes normal trees to develop.

　　Unfortunately, it takes a long time for a plan like this to reach its goal. The Weyerhauser Lumber

　　Corporation, which started its first collection of seed in 1958, is just now beginning to harvest the

　　super-seeds of the first generation of the faster growing trees.

　　52. This selection centers on

　　A. the life span of trees

　　B. the age of redwoods

　　C. making trees grow quickly

　　D. cutting trees for lumber

　　53. Trees that grow faster are developed by

　　A. planting many trees and fertilizing them

　　B. collecting seeds from strong, slow growing trees

　　C. selecting the seeds of the fastest growing trees

　　D. feeding them high-energy plant foods

　　54. Super-trees

　　A. will be a great benefit to lumber companies

　　B. make extra-good lumber for buildings

　　C. will probably be weak because of their fast growth

　　D. may be defenseless to many insects and diseases

　　55. The word "therefore" in paragraph 2 indicates that a

　　A. speech is beginning

　　B. conclusion follows

　　C. comparison is being made

　　D. metaphor is being used

　　V. Daily Conversation (15 points)

　　Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the

　　following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　A. I prefer the leather one

　　B. What do you like

　　C. It looks warmer

　　D. clerk

　　E. It sounds nice

　　F. price tag

　　G. to try it on

　　H. Which one do you like better

　　Anne: Look! These jackets are nice.56?

　　Sue: I like the wool one better.

　　Anne: Really? Why?

　　Sue : 57

　　Anne: Well, 58. It's more attractive than the wool one.

　　Sue: Hmm. There's no 59

　　Anne: Excuse me. How much is this jacket?

　　Clerk: It's $499. Would you like 60?

　　Anne: Oh, no. That's OK! But thank you anyway.

　　Clerk: You're welcome.

　　Ⅵ. Writing (25 points)

　　Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a notice in English in 100-120 words based

　　on the following situation. Remember to write it clearly.

　　61.以行政管理部門(Administration Office)的名義寫一份考試延期的通知。其內(nèi)容如下：

　　(1)原考試日期、地點;

　　(2)延期至何時、何地;

　　(3)延期的原因;

　　(4)涉及的對象。

　　英語應(yīng)試模擬第3套參考答案與解析

　　Ⅰ.Phonetics

　　【答案】

　　1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A

　　【解析】

1.選項A畫線字母不發(fā)音，其他選項畫線字母

2.選項A畫線字母讀

3.選項B畫線字母讀

4.選項C畫線字母讀

5.選項A畫線字母讀

　　Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure

　　【答案】

　　6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B l0.B ll.C l2.A l3.B l4.C l5.A l6.D l7.D

　　18.B l9.B 20.C

　　【解析】

　　6.Only起始的介詞短語前置時，其句子的主謂應(yīng)倒裝。倒裝時，助動詞置于主語前。根據(jù)全句含義，should與句子語氣不符。選項A是正確的。【句子大意】只有在你的幫助下，我們才能克服這個領(lǐng)域中的這些困難。

　　7.這是there be句型，不能再有第二個謂語，排除選項A和D。Enjoy doing sth，enjoy后跟動詞的-ing形式;want to do sth，want后跟動詞不定式。定語從句在說明人時用who。選項C是正確的。【句子大意】滑雪勝地通常人滿為患。很多人都喜歡滑雪。

　　8.Would like to do sth想/愿意做某事。選項D是正確的。【句子大意】你想不想去美國旅游?

　　9.由not...but連接的并列主語，其謂語采取就近原則，即靠近謂語的主語是單數(shù)，謂語則用單數(shù)形式;靠近謂語的主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Blame在用于someone is to blame時，含有被動意義，意為某人該受責(zé)備。選項B是正確的。【句子大意】不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。

　　10.You’d think=you would think。反義疑問句。找出真正被反問的部分，看其是否定還是肯定，疑問部分與其相反。選項B是正確的。【句子大意】這么長時間過后，你一定以為他已經(jīng)忘卻了，你是不是這么想的?

　　11.Wish后的賓語從句要求用虛擬語氣。對已發(fā)生的事懊悔時，從句的謂語用過去完成時。選項C是正確的。【句子大意】我真不該那么說。但愿我沒說過。

　　12.Will表示要發(fā)生的動作不是計劃好的。Be going to表示要發(fā)生的動作是計劃好的。選項A是正確的。【句子大意】我已經(jīng)決定了，準備買一輛新車。

　　13.對有可能發(fā)生的事件的假設(shè)，主句謂語用過去將來式，條件從句謂語則用一般過去式。

　　選項B是正確的。【句子大意】如果失去了工作你準備怎么辦?

　　14.Although盡管，nevertheless然而，unless除非，once一旦。選項C是正確的。【句子大意】我們不能去俱樂部，除非父母同意。

　　15.By不晚于，under低于，until直到，up to直到。選項A是正確的。【句子大意】你為什么不爭取九點以前回來?

　　16.表示什么事情一直持續(xù)到將來，用將來完成時。選項D是正確的。【句子大意】到我50歲生日的時候，我就在現(xiàn)在的崗位干20年了。

　　17.從過去到現(xiàn)在一直發(fā)生的動作，并還在繼續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。選項D是正確的。【句子大意】我想他們在交朋友，最近他們不停地約會。

　　18.Used to do sth過去常常做某事，be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事。選項B是正確的。【句子大意】我習(xí)慣于午飯后看報紙。這是我真正享受的一件事。

　　19.這里應(yīng)用分詞短語的現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)being done。選項B是正確的。【句子大意】我反對小孩在6歲前上學(xué)。

　　20.It is no good doing sth做某事無用。選項C是正確的。【句子大意】學(xué)英語卻不說英語是沒有用的。

　　Ⅲ.Cloze

　　【答案】

　　21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.D

　　32.C 33.C 34.B 35.B

　　【解析】

　　21.Invent發(fā)明，create創(chuàng)造，produce生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)前面所說，種植的是橡膠樹，因此應(yīng)是“生產(chǎn)”橡膠。選項C是正確的。

　　22.種的是橡膠樹卻不能生產(chǎn)橡膠，這里是解釋原因。用“事實上in fact”解釋，所種的不是真的橡膠樹。選項A是正確的。

　　23.洛杉磯是一個城市的名字，council是政府機構(gòu)。所以，這里應(yīng)指的是市政府，而不是國家、州或縣政府。選項C是正確的。

　　24.These肯定指的是前面所說的橡膠做的橡膠樹。這段是用其他的例子說明，其他的很多東西我們都用的是代用品，橡膠樹當(dāng)然也同樣可以。選項B是正確的。

　　25.高爾夫場地表達為golf course。選項A是正確的。

　　26.在咖啡里，用in。選項D是正確的。

　　27.根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是用不同的材料做家具。制作家具用make。選項A是正確的。

　　28.前面舉了幾個例子說明很多東西都可用替代品來做，這里是用問句表示肯定。應(yīng)用表示詢問原因的詞。選項D是正確的。

　　29.這里是說假樹在某種條件下是看不出來的。所以，應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇表示否定的詞。選項B是正確的。

　　30.下面講了對真樹要做很多的維護性工作，要有一定的支出。根據(jù)這個含義，比較四個選項，選項A是正確的。用假樹花費會低一些。

　　31.根據(jù)上下文，可以看出這里講的是對假樹的清潔工作：清洗和除塵。Sweep them off把樹掃掉，wash them off把樹洗掉，tidy整理，都不符合文章含義。選項D是正確的。

　　32.根據(jù)上下文，清洗工作簡單，也不用下面提到的修枝、移植等，當(dāng)然就省錢。選項C是正確的。

　　33.因為是假樹，除草、掃落葉當(dāng)然就沒有必要了。選項c是正確的。

　　34.因為是假樹，所以可以保持在一定時間內(nèi)不變色、枯萎。Everlasting表示永久的，文章中已經(jīng)給出具體的時間了，所以排除。選項B是正確的。

　　35.At one’s best強有力的、全盛的。One’s表示它所代表的事物，所有格。應(yīng)為its，這里it指的是rationalization(強辯、說明)。選項B是正確的。

　　【原文大意】

　　洛杉磯的一條主要街道上種了2 000棵橡膠樹。這些樹不生產(chǎn)橡膠。事實上它們是用橡膠做的。市政府發(fā)言人Joe Dynamo先生在解釋其理由時說：

　　“這些樹代表我們的真實社會。我們在高爾夫場地上用的是聚苯乙烯的草，咖啡中放的是非牛奶制作的粉末，我們用塑料代替木頭制作家具，我們有纖維玻璃的墓碑。我們?yōu)槭裁淳筒荒苡孟鹉z做樹呢?”

　　“以每小時50英里的速度行駛，沒有哪個乘車的人會看出任何區(qū)別。而且我們的花費還會減少一些。你只要每年用洗滌劑清洗一次，除塵兩次。我們可以省很多錢，因為不需要移植、修枝、除草、掃落葉。并且，我們還能保證每棵樹木60年不褪色。這就是強有力的說明。”

　　Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension

　　第一篇

　　【答案】

　　36.D 37.C 38.D 39.B

　　【解析】

　　36.第二、三、四段分別從視覺、味覺和聽覺講了如何感知天氣的變化。所以，選項D是正確的。

　　37.第二段，當(dāng)氣壓下降時，你能很清楚地看到遠處的物體。選項C是正確的。

　　38.最后一段。作者提到許多人都會在濕度變高的情況下感覺到天氣的變化。根據(jù)這個例子可以說明作者認為許多人是能夠感覺到天氣變化的。選項D是正確的。

　　39.第三段。從該單詞本身來看：re-前綴，表示反復(fù);press壓。反復(fù)地壓意味著壓抑、壓制。Crush壓碎、鎮(zhèn)壓。選項B是正確的。

　　【原文大意】

　　要想知道天氣如何，大多數(shù)人都是直接聽收音機、看電視或看報紙來獲取專業(yè)的天氣預(yù)報。如果你知道怎樣去看，你可根據(jù)自己的感覺預(yù)知天氣情況。

　　有許多跡象可以幫助你。例如，天氣好時，氣壓通常比較高，空氣寧靜，多塵土，遠處的物體是模糊的。但當(dāng)風(fēng)暴正在醞釀之時，氣壓下降，你通常能很清晰地看到物體。水手們很久以前就注意到這個現(xiàn)象了，并由此得出一個說法：遠物近雨。

　　你的味黨也可以幫助你判斷天氣的變化。雨來之際，氣味很濃。這是因為，在晴朗、高壓中心，氣味被壓抑的原因。當(dāng)壞天氣的低壓流入，氣壓減小，氣味也就釋放出來。

　　你也能聽到暴風(fēng)雨來臨的聲音。聲音撞擊暴風(fēng)雨的云層，再以倍增的力量反彈回到大地。

　　有一句老話可以解釋這種現(xiàn)象：聲音走得遠而寬，暴風(fēng)雨將來臨。

　　如果你的祖母說她覺得暴風(fēng)雨要來了你不要嘲笑。人們都知道，當(dāng)濕氣上升壓力下降時，許多人的骨頭、雞眼和趾囊腫就會感覺疼痛。這說明壞天氣就要來了。

　　第二篇

　　【答案】

　　40.D 41.A 42.C 43.A

　　【解析】

　　40.根據(jù)上下文，工人階層的工作性質(zhì)是被管理并且是要遵守規(guī)則的。那么，其規(guī)則肯定是明確的。選項D是正確的。

　　41.根據(jù)文章的說法，工人是被管理的對象，是聽從別人的。所以，這也就形成了他們在管理自己的孩子時，也希望孩子只是執(zhí)行自己的命令而已，比較容易動用體罰。選項A是正確的。

　　42.文章中說，中產(chǎn)階層的父母親因為自己的工作性質(zhì)是開創(chuàng)性的，因此對其子女也就比較開放，希望他們充滿好奇。選項C是正確的。

　　43.全文說的是關(guān)于家長的社會地位與其孩子培養(yǎng)的關(guān)系。文章的第一句就點明了主題。選項A是正確的。

　　【原文大意】

　　社會地位對小孩的培養(yǎng)沒有必然的結(jié)果。可同時，社會地位又是影響對孩子的養(yǎng)育方法和將成為什么樣的人的重要因素。在社會地位這個問題上，社會學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母會把自己的孩子劃歸到一定的社會行為和自己的工作環(huán)境的準則中。普通勞動階層的人在工作中幾乎是被管理并被期待著執(zhí)行明確規(guī)則的人。如果他們不按照規(guī)定的去做，他們將會失去工作。他們的經(jīng)歷影響到他們與孩子的接觸。其結(jié)果是，他們關(guān)心的不是孩子的動機，而是孩子與外界的一致性。因此，他們在管理孩子上常常采用肉體懲罰的方式。另一方面，中產(chǎn)階級的父母，因為他們自己是那種希望在工作中有所創(chuàng)造的人，因此在對待孩子上也鼓勵孩子發(fā)展好奇心，能夠自我表達、自我控制。這些父母也很容易放棄特權(quán)或影響，不會使用肉體懲罰的方法。